Biochemical alterations in kidneys of infant and adult male rats due to exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid and clothianidin

Abstract

Imidacloprid (IMI) and clothianidin (CTD) are the most important of the neonicotinoid insecticides known to target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in insects and, potentially, in mammals. In the present study, we aimed to investigate if daily