Comparative Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet and Claw-Pole Alternators in Internal Combustion Engines

Abstract

In this study, a comprehensive experimental comparison of Permanent Magnet Alternators (PMA) and Claw-Pole Alternators (CPA) used in internal combustion engines (ICE) was conducted under three different operating conditions: no-load, loaded, and charging scenarios. Key performance parameters including voltage, current, engine speed, temperature variation, and fuel consumption were measured and analyzed in detail using a custom-built test setup and data acquisition system. The results show that while PMAs provide higher efficiency and power output under load, they are prone to higher operating temperatures and efficiency losses under no-load and charging conditions compared to CPAs. CPAs, on the other hand, demonstrated stable performance and higher current generation capacity, which is crucial for meeting increasing electrical demands in modern vehicles. The findings underline the importance of predicting alternator performance for optimizing fuel economy, enhancing electrical system reliability, and supporting the development of next-generation automotive alternators. Design recommendations are also presented to improve the efficiency and thermal management of PMAs in practical applications.